Prevalence and major risk factors of non-communicable diseases: A Hospital-based Cross-Sectional Study in Dhaka, Bangladesh. (arXiv:2303.04808v1 [q-bio.QM])

Objective: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of several
non-communicable diseases (NCD) and analyze risk factors among adult patients
seeking nutritional guidance in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Result: Our study observed
the relationships between gender, age groups, obesity, and NCDs (DM, CKD, IBS,
CVD, CRD, thyroid). The most frequently reported NCD was cardiovascular issues
(CVD), which was present in 83.56% of all participants. CVD was more common in
male participants. Consequently, male participants had a higher blood pressure
distribution than females. Diabetes mellitus (DM), on the other hand, did not
have a gender-based inclination. Both CVD and DM had an age-based progression.
Our study showed that chronic respiratory illness was more frequent in
middle-aged participants than in younger or elderly individuals. Based on the
data, every one in five hospitalized patients was obese. We analyzed the
co-morbidities and found that 31.5% of the population has only one NCD, 30.1%
has two NCDs, and 38.3% has more than two NCDs. Besides, 86.25% of all diabetic
patients had cardiovascular issues. All thyroid patients in our study had CVD.
Using a t-test, we found a relationship between CKD and thyroid (p-value
0.061). Males under 35 years have a statistically significant relationship
between thyroid and chronic respiratory diseases (p-value 0.018). We also found
an association between DM and CKD among patients over 65 (p-value 0.038).
Moreover, there has been a statistically significant relationship between CKD
and Thyroid (P < 0.05) for those below 35 and 35-65. We used a two-way ANOVA
test to find the statistically significant interaction of heart issues and
chronic respiratory illness, in combination with diabetes. The combination of
DM and RTI also affected CKD in male patients over 65 years old.